Radio receiving apparatus



y 1, 1933. A F. H. KROGER 1,917,307

RADIO RECEIVING APPARATUS Filed May 25, 1929 INVENTOR FRED H. KROGER.

vr rwvw ATTORNEY Patented July 11, 1933 cause {st-M mm @FFm -fil FRED unease, or uinenwoon, new massif. Assrenon ronanioooaroaarion or munitions COR-PORATIGH or nnnewann nnnro momm Arranerns Application filed May 23,

Briefly and broadly the present invention relates to means for obtaining signals free from disturbances and more particularly to the elimination of static disturbances in the reception of radio signals. i

The diiiiculties encountered in this connec-' tion due to the interposition of static effects on the signal effects in the detecting apparatus are well known, and-constitute one of the most serious problems in the reception "of signals and especially signalsitransmitted over long distances as for instance, transoceanic signals. Although the effects 0f static or atmospheric electricity are readily distinguished, the origin, nature and direction of propagation of the disturbancesvare not well understood. v Y

It has been found that static or at least some of the most objectionable forms of static act as though they areverticallypropagated or waves, however, are substantially horizontally propagated. The operation of my novel invention relies to some extent on the difference in direction of propagationof signal energy and static energy. v

Although my invention is not limited to any explam tion of the phenomena, as future discoveries may modify this as indicated above the elimination of staticeife'cton receivers in accordance with my invention appears to be, to a large extent, dependent upon the difierence indirection .of propagation of the signal and static waves.

' In securing the improved-resultsl provide a path near the antenna which' is of lowinipedance to vertically propagated waves-but, of high impedance to horizontally propagated signal waves. Thus, my invention provides a novel means for dissipating the static energy which means at the same time not only insures that signal energy is intercepted by the energy pickup but also thatvdirectivity of the aerial system is increased.

The features of the invention which are believed to be novel are set forth with more 1929. Serial in. 365,275.

particularity in the claims forming a part-of this specification. The invention and its a'pparticular Figure 2 is asimilar view of a modification. P

open at-one-end-and grounded at the other Th'e' antenna is; supported by any suitable means such as wooden stakes, (not shown).

"Suitable receiving and detecting ap arat s 2 is variably coupled through inductance tt'o an inductance 3 EISSOClZliZCl w1thareceiver'2.

7 Although for "purposes of illustrationl have shown the antenna as being inductively con led to a or stal detector it will be understood that any known formof coupling may -be used, and that any known fornrofre l ceiver may be used, with or Without radio" and audio frequency amplnier. Furtherniore'it' will be understood thatthe receiver used with my-novel aerial maybe adapted to receive (l i V. as well as modulated wave signals; v The particular arrangement shown in both Figures land 2 for carrying out'my invention consists of two rows of conducting "stakes .5, w

;1: ipes,[for example, are "substantially Vertical and extend some distance ahoveithe antenna.

In Figure 1 the upper ends of the stakes in each row areconnectedlby means of insulating material 6, such as tarred rope. I

In Figure 2 the opposite stakes of the row are connected by means of conductors 7 lo cated above and in a direction transverseto the antenna.

Antenna of the type shown are preferably arranged along a line passingthrough the disturbances. From this explanation it will be'seen that my invention'interposes a path of good conductivity fol-static in proximity to the antenna, without substantially affectingconductivity in the direction of signal propagation, The diiference ofpotential between the top of the vertical wires and the bottom will be low, but the 'difierence of potential between the feet of thevertical wires is relatively high with respect to signal waves arriving at the antenna. a

It is known that an antenna imme'rsedin sea water to a small depth eliminates considerable static. The improvement has been supposed to be due to the fact that the sea water affords a path of relativelylow resistance in V a vertical direction, in comparison to the re sistanceina horizontal direction. The action of the screen described appears to be some what similar-to the result 'obtained by the under water antenna, and in accordance with thisexplanation the arrangement may be considered as eflectivelyraising. the ground above the antenna.- As sea water is not always available it is of advantatge to be able to artificially duplicate the results obtainable' withit. 7 7

.However, regardless of any explanation vwhich may be given, my'invention is adapted.

to give improved results, and such explanations are given merely fora better understanding of the invention.

'I-Iaving described my invention what I claim is: 1,

1. In radio'receiving apparatus, the combination with an antennaof means for eliminating static disturbances cpmprising aj plurality of upwardly extending physically separate grounded conductors in proximity to the antenna, the upper ends ofthe difierent conductors having substantially the same difference of potential as thecorresponding lower ends of the d'ifierentconductors, said conductors being also physically separated from said antenna. a V a 2. In radio receiving apparatus, 'the combination with an antenna of means for eliminating static disturbances comprising a .plu-

rality of upwardly extending physically separate grounded conductors in proximity to the antenna and insulated at the upper ends, said conductors being also physically separated from said antenna. 7

3, In radio receiving apparatus, the combination with an antenna of means for eliminating static disturbances comprising a p1urality of upwardly extending physically separate grounded conductors of low impedance insulated from each other at the upper ends,

said conductors being located in proximity to the antenna but physically separated therefrom. 5 I

a 4. 'In radio receiving apparatus, the co1nbination with a horizontally extending antenna of a plurality of upwardly extending grounded conductors of low impedance in proximity to the antenna, the upper ends of the conductors being insulatedfrom each other.

:5. In radio receiving apparatus, the combinationwith a horizontally extending antenna of a row of upwardly extending V grounded conductors on each side of the antenna, the upper ends of the conductors in each row being insulated from the upper ends of other conductors in the same row;

, 6.!Ina directive aerial system, the combi nation with'a long low horizontally extendin'g: antenna grounded at one end, of a plurality of upwardly extending'grounded conductors in proximity to the antenna, the upper ends of the conductors projecting above theantenna :and being insulated from each other.fi. V

7. In radio receiving apparatus, the co1nbination with a long low antenna grounded one end and extending horizontally in the direction of desired reception, of a row of vertical grounded conductors on each side of the antenna the upper ends of the conductors in each row being insulated from theupp'er ends of conductors in the same row.

8. In radio "receiving apparatus, theco n- 1 bination with a horizontally extending antenna of a row of grounded conductors on each side of the antenna, the upper ends of the conductors" in each row being insulated from the upper ends of conductors 'in the same row and the upper ends of substantially opposite conductors in different rows being electrically connected.

9. In radio receiving apparatus, the combination with a horizontally extending antenna of a row ofgrounded conductors on each side of the antenna, the upper ends of the conductors in each row being physicallyseparated from the upper ends of the conduc' tors in the same row and the upper ends of substantiallyopposite conductors in different rows being electrically connected.

.FRED HQ KROGER. 1 

